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Op-ed | President of the Consultative Commission on Industrial Change at the European Economic and Social Committee: Without critical raw materials resilience, there will be no green or digital industrial revolution

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Opinion by  Pietro Francesco De Lotto, President of the Consultative Commission on Industrial Change at the European Economic and Social Committee

Whether we are talking about a fourth, fifth, or even sixth industrial revolution, we often see public debate take place. Despite the different views on the issue, one thing we can say with certainty is that our industry is undergoing a profound revolution, which comprises a twin challenge: becoming greener and more circular, as well as going through a digital transformation. It is a revolution that is driven by several factors: our commitments under the Paris Agreement, the pursuit of global competitiveness, the need to adapt labour markets, consumer sensitivity and, last but not least, public opinion.

The UN Sustainable Development Goals and the fight against climate change are clearly essential pillars of the EU’s action, and we need to ensure that they are perceived and experienced more and more as an opportunity rather than a burden by all parts of society and industry. The European Green Deal, the Circular Economy Action Plan, the recently updated New Industrial Strategy for Europe, the Fit for 55 package presented in July, and the related activities and legislation are essential tools to transform public debates into an everyday reality, everywhere in Europe, leaving no one behind in this collective effort.

Raw materials, and especially critical raw materials, are at the core of this process. Digitalising and greening EU industries and society require technologies that depend on raw materials. Wind power, for instance, comes from turbines that contain, among other materials, rare earth elements. The EU relies almost 100% on China to supply such elements. Similar scenarios exist for many technologies that are essential to the green and digital transition, from batteries to photovoltaics, from robotics to fuel cells. The EU Critical Raw Materials Action Plan and the Updated Industrial Strategy identify 30 materials and 137 products respectively that are essential for our industry and society and on which the EU is highly dependent.

These are worrying figures, but they also provide a necessary reality check. The past few months have brought these dependencies to the public’s attention even more clearly, as the COVID-19 pandemic has exposed the need for EU industry and society overall to become more resilient and strategically autonomous, especially in areas such as vaccines, medicines and medical devices. The time to act on these critical factors is therefore ripe, and we must make use of all instruments to address our dependencies with a strategic vision.

The Commission’s Action Plan on Critical Raw Materials, on which the European Economic and Social Committee (EESC) recently published its opinion CCMI 177, is a good instrument that combines measures to fix current shortcomings with actions to mitigate possible future problems. The EESC believes that the actions envisaged by the European Commission are essential if we are to maintain and strengthen the EU’s industrial base. This is a very important first point: for too long, we have left this issue up to the free market and industry, hoping that it would regulate itself. We must however now acknowledge that, as much as companies should be free to build their supply chains, we need to secure some parts of these chains that we deem of strategic importance to the European Union.

More specifically, the EU needs support instruments for sustainable primary sourcing in Europe. Financial instruments for sustainable projects, as well as streamlined authorisation processes are needed, as is the greater involvement of and public acceptance by citizens and local communities. This is also very much linked to the need to maintain extractive and processing capacities in the EU. We need to support workers and regions through better training and a deeper link with higher and vocational education, including investment in training and retraining workers, and in the teaching of specialist disciplines such as geology, metallurgy and mining, even at undergraduate level.

At the same time, and this is the second point, we need to invest in activities that can foster substitution; something that will only be possible with significant, constant investment in R&D programmes to discover new materials and processes for ensuring justified substitution.

Together with primary sourcing and substitution, the third key element is that of circular reuse and secondary sourcing from waste. To do this, we need to invest in research and development, but we also need to carefully assess the waste we ship outside Europe, while at the same time mapping – as soon as possible – the potential supply of secondary critical raw materials from EU stocks and waste.

As for the external dimension, the EU needs to diversify its trading relations, while supporting developing countries. These two objectives go hand in hand, as our efforts should be aimed at forging strategic partnerships with like-minded nations in a multilateral framework, which can both help avoid supply disruptions for EU industry and contribute to the well-being and development of developing third countries. In this regard, there are three very specific elements to be underlined: the mutual advantages of integrating the Western Balkans countries into the EU supply chain; the urgent need for an increased role for the Euro in critical raw materials trading and the need to take greater account of the ethical dimension when drawing up Europe’s critical raw materials list.

Overall, we want to see EU industry flourish in a green and digital way, but we do not want to see our industry and society shift from one dependency (for instance on certain fossil fuels) to another full reliance on certain critical raw materials. To avoid this, and to ensure that the green and digital transitions increase resilience, competitiveness and social justice, we need to invest in research and development, sustainable domestic mining exploration, recovering valuable materials from waste, training and retraining a skilled workforce and creating a multilateral level playing field. This is essential in order to ensure that the green and digital revolutions are successful and benefit EU industry and society as a whole, and do not leave any worker, region and country of the world behind.

Pietro Francesco De Lotto

President of the Consultative Commission on Industrial Change at the European Economic and Social Committee

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Foreign Investors Council: NATO and EU memberships, accession to the Schengen Zone and to the OECD remain key elements for the foreign investors in Romania

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NATO and EU memberships, accession to the Schengen Zone and to the OECD remain key elements for the investors, according to the official press release.

According to the latest analysis of the Foreign Investors Council on the taxes paid by FIC member companies and their employees in Romania in 2023, the investments of FIC companies amounted to 17 billion lei, representing 43% of the public capital expenditure according to the execution of the consolidated budget for 2023.

The contributions of the 110 FIC member companies to the general consolidated budget were estimated at 82 billion lei, which represents over 18% of the current revenues collected by the state last year. The total number of FIC member employees exceeds 190,000 people. Employees of the FIC companies analyzed earned an average net salary of 8,655 lei per month, with 89% more than the average net salary in the economy of 4,584 lei.

The attracted foreign investments have contributed significantly to the modernisation of the national economy and its integration into both the European economy and international export and production chains; they brought technology and know-how to the internal market, thus contributing also to the development of local companies and to productivity growth, as well as corporate governance, through which they promoted the importance of fairness, transparency and accountability in companies; they directly contributed to the economic growth registered by Romania through the investments made available and through the salaries paid directly to employees and indirectly through the supply chain.

The evolution of foreign investments stock as a percentage of GDP began at a near-non-existent value in 1990 and increased significantly in the coming decades. An essential element in attracting foreign investments is Romania’s accession to international structures. Both NATO membership and later EU membership were events that stimulated FDI growth in Central and Eastern European states.

The years of joining the international structures are by far the years that have brought a strong investment boost to Romania. The private sector (formed by foreign investors, entrepreneurs and households) is the main contributor to Romania’s development, the average ratio between investments in Romania and GDP being 23.7% over the last decade, above the EU average.

From an economic point of view, Romania is at a critical point with the highest levels of twin deficits in recent history, except in times of crisis. The economic situation of the country must be the priority of the authorities in the coming period. Balanced measures are needed to ensure a sustainable economic recovery that is reflected in the well-being of society. In the coming years there will be even more need for the private sector to continue to invest in order to maintain the growth rate of the Romanian economy from previous years, in particular as public sector investment will decrease due to the need to reduce the budget deficit.

Companies need a firm, long-term commitment from the authorities to ensure a stable and predictable climate in order to choose the investment destination, but also to continue the investments present in the country.

About FIC

The Foreign Investors Council (FIC) is the association that brings together the most important investors with foreign capital from Romania, approximately 110 of the largest companies in the country with a cumulative turnover representing approximately one-fifth of the gross domestic product and having a significant contribution to the state budget. In more than 25 years since the organization was set up, FIC member companies have always sustained the importance of dialogue between the business community and the authorities.

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European project self-Learn offers two valuable digital tools for future initiatives in adult education

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The National Institute for Scientific Research on Labour and Social Protection (INCSMPS) as a partner in the self-Learn project, a project co-funded by the European Union, is preparing for its finalization. Working together with partners from European countries such as Spain, France, Italy, Slovakia, Finland and beyond, the project coordinator being from Turkey, they have developed a digital learning tool, available both on the website and on the smartphone.

Therefore, the project has produced a freely available Android and iOS app that will help interested users to improve their literacy, numeracy and digital skills in a very flexible way. The self-Learn app is designed and created with a multicultural partnership to ensure its transparency and authenticity with the support of the European Commission through Erasmus+.

Self-Learn’s mobile accessibility is a game-changer for adult learners, especially those juggling work, family or other commitments that prevent them from attending traditional classes. By putting learning directly in their hands, Self-Learn tools allow adults to engage at their own pace and at their own convenience, removing many of the traditional barriers to education. Starting with a diagnostic test, learners can identify their current skill level and follow personalized learning pathways designed to meet their specific needs. This process not only addresses individual learners, but also allows educators to better understand their challenges and strengths, enabling more targeted teaching approaches.

In addition, Self-Learn incorporates family involvement, a feature that is often neglected in adult education. Self-Learn provides resources for family members to support the learner, fostering a more inclusive learning environment that extends beyond the individual and promotes a culture of lifelong learning at home.

The project’s impact extends beyond individual adult learners. By equipping them with essential skills, it contributes to wider societal goals, including reducing unemployment, increasing social inclusion, and boosting economic productivity.

In addition, the Self-Learn project has the potential for scalability. Although it currently focuses on low-skilled adults, the platform’s flexible design means that it can be adapted for a wide range of educational contexts, including young adults, migrants and people re-entering the labour market. This flexibility makes it a valuable resource for future projects in adult education, enabling educators to guide learners on their journey towards acquiring essential skills, helping them to thrive in an evolving, technology-driven world.

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INTERVIEW Erika Staël von Holstein, CEO of Re-Imagine Europe, warns that the polarization of society is “a weapon used intentionally by both foreign and domestic actors to destabilize”

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The polarization of society is a “very dangerous” element, “a weapon used intentionally” by both foreign and domestic actors to try to destabilize, warned Erika Staël von Holstein, co-founder and CEO of Re-Imagine Europe (RIE), in an interview for CaleaEuropeană.ro at the European Parliament in Strasbourg.

“We live in extremely polarized times and this is very dangerous. One of Europe’s great mantras is the power of diversity. A difference of opinion can make us stronger. But once you create a very polarized society, you are not able to move in any direction. People who try to weaken Europe or who try to weaken democracies know this very well, so it’s also a weapon used intentionally by both foreign and domestic actors trying to destabilize. The cycle of mistrust is a problem because it focuses on our emotions,” she said.

She recalled that there are real challenges for Europe today as 45% of households in Europe are struggling to make ends meet and 20% of Europe’s population is below the poverty line.

“Instead of trying to find solutions together, these emotions are driving us apart. The one thing we see when we talk to European citizens, whatever their political perspective, is that they are not happy with the status quo. However, polarization makes it impossible to move forward, which is why it is such a dangerous element. It is a very well known fact that actors who try to destabilize intentionally support both sides of the polarized debate,” explained Erika Staël von Holstein.

Referring to the current electoral situation in Romania, Erika warned that when people feel that their values and worldview are threatened, they become “very defensive” .

“We should understand why such a large percentage of the population feels that they are not listened to. I think this is a very important point to keep in mind and it’s what we always try to present at Re-Imagine Europe. We are a non-partisan think tank, so we work with different perspectives. Diversity is a strength for democracy. People use the same words, but they can mean different things. Words like freedom can mean different things to different people. If we could unite, we could perhaps create something that works for everyone in our society”, she added.

 

Asked about digital tools and how they influence democracy, Erika warned that digital technologies have completely changed the world, saying that one of the areas where digital tools are being misused by people is when they use them to convince other people that their vision, whatever it is, is the right one.

“The arrival of digital technology has completely changed the world. This is a focus of the work we do at Re-Imagine Europe and I could talk for hours. One of the things I think is so important on this topic is that digital tools can be used for both good and bad. Unfortunately, what we see today is that digital tools can change and shape the whole power structure of information, and information is the most important part of any society. However, what we have seen happening is that because of algorithms and other things, they are not always utilized in the way we would like. And that’s where I think we have the wrong concept of the information ecosystem, because we still think of it as a way to deliver messages,” Erika Staël von Holstein emphasized.

She expressed confidence that things can change and that we can end up using these digital tools to “strengthen our societies”.

“Right now, obviously, we’re going in a different direction. If we manage to make this shift in mindset, we could use all this negative energy that now divides us, as a way to find the new narrative we need to solve the real problems facing European citizens across the continent. If we can be shaken up and understand that some people live in a very different reality, if we are brave enough and have the courage to admit that maybe something is not working perfectly and that we could improve some ideas, I think that would be the biggest strength and the biggest opportunity to be able to strengthen ourselves”, she continued.

Erika Staël von Holstein also pointed out that trust in institutions is declining all over the world, not just in Europe.

“People are very engaged in public debates. Maybe not always in the way we would like or hope. There is a lot of criticism and a lot of anger, but it can also be used in a positive way. And it is up to us to see whether this is just a threat or also an opportunity. It’s a matter of choice,” she added.

At the end of the interview, Erika said that Re-Imagine Europe is working a lot to try to find different ways to communicate, both in terms of how we are depolarizing society, but also looking at the cycle of distrust, and why we are seeing this growing polarization not only in Europe but around the world. She added that Re-Imagine Europe also tackles issues such as democracy and misinformation, agriculture, climate change and polarization, taxation and the economy.

“We work very concretely with European institutions, national governments, think tanks, NGOs. The world is becoming more and more uncertain, we are witnessing growing inequality, constant climate disruption, an increasingly uncertain geopolitical situation. These different perspectives can make us stronger. They can help us see things that we may not. Despite everything that is happening in the world, what I find very interesting at the moment is that Europe is listening. Europe needs to come up with new ideas, better ideas on how to do things, and people are very open to say how we can do this in a different way. And this is very encouraging, because in the next 5-10 years the world is going to change a lot and this is our chance to say what we want, not just to complain. It’s very easy to complain about what we don’t like, but we have to say, what we want and come up with real alternatives and a real desire to change the system for the better and not just to destroy what we have built with a lot of hard work. We must have the courage to try to think differently. So, if we could admit that we need to see the world differently, then we could do something amazing. And that is what I hope we can do as a European society to re-imagine Europe”, concluded Erika Staël von Holstein.

Erika Staël von Holstein is the co-founder and executive director of the organization Re-Imagine Europa (RIE). With two decades of experience in bridging science, society, and politics, she focuses on societal transformation and the impact of narratives in shaping our world.

Erika serves as an advisor to numerous national and European organizations and is a member of the International Advisory Board on Artificial Intelligence for the Spanish government. She also participates in various European expert committees, including working groups on EU science diplomacy.

As an expert in depolarization and the role of narratives, Erika has developed numerous analyses and methodologies to better understand these phenomena and propose practical solutions. In 2023, under her leadership, Re-Imagine Europa launched the first European Narrative Observatory (NODES.eu), directed scientifically by Professor Andrzej Nowak.

Previously, Erika was part of the committee supporting Luc Van den Brande, the special advisor to President Jean-Claude Juncker, for the report “Outreach towards Citizen.” She was also the chair of the Advisory Board for REIsearch and, between 2010 and 2015, served as the executive director of Atomium – the European Institute for Science, Media, and Democracy, addressing topics such as science in society, responsible research and innovation, digital science, evidence-based policymaking, and citizen engagement.

Erika has published numerous reports and articles on these subjects and is a frequent speaker and moderator at European conferences and events. She co-hosts the Reimagine TALKS podcast series, launched in collaboration with leading European media outlets in six different languages, challenging how we think about humanity’s fundamental issues.

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