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INTERVIEW | 62 years after the Élysée Treaty, France and Germany’s ambassadors assure that the Franco-German engine for Europe will not fail and express confidence that Romania will remain a valuable NATO and EU member
Published
10 months agoon
62 years after the Franco-German reconciliation within the European community through the Élysée Treaty, and six years after strengthening this cooperation through the Aachen Treaty, France and Germany—two founding nations and political-economic engines of European construction—share the same set of strategic priorities for the European Union’s future, both domestically and globally. They exhibit a “complete overlap” in their strategy for Europe’s competitiveness, focusing on regulatory simplification, though differences in “political culture” persist between Paris and Berlin, as well as between their leaders. This joint approach was detailed by France’s and Germany’s ambassadors to Romania, Nicolas Warnery and Peer Gebauer, in an interview with CaleaEuropeană.ro marking the anniversary of the Franco-German reconciliation more than six decades ago. The ambassadors expressed confidence that Romania would remain a strong partner and ally of France and Germany within the EU and NATO.
Full interview
CaleaEuropeană.ro: Dear Ambassadors, today we are celebrating the 62nd anniversary of the Elysee Treaty, but also the 6th anniversary of the Aachen Treaty, which brought Germany and France together on a path of reconciliation and partnership for Europe. For most of the EU’s history, France and Germany have been perceived as the powerhouse of the European Union, the giants driving the EU forward and forging unity through crises. Now, the EU is confronting both domestic and foreign challenges. We’ve seen these challenges: disinformation, extremism, economic problems, some of them arising from its most important founders. Where does this anniversary moment find the German-French partnership and the European Union as a whole?

© CaleaEuropeană.ro/ Diana Zaim
Nicolas Warnery: Well, by definition, an anniversary comes every year, so we might have the feeling of some kind of routine as this anniversary comes back again each year. But it would be a big mistake to think that, because this very specific relationship is extraordinary. At any level, every day, on any subject, we talk about many things in the capitals, in Brussels, in NATO, and in the European Union, essentially, everywhere in the world. I served in Africa, I served in Asia, and my German colleague was always my closest colleague in these regions and on these topics. So, we must never forget that. And something extraordinary happened – did you realize that a few weeks ago, when there was this terrible hurricane in Mayotte, it was the Bundeskanzler, the Chancellor, who represented France in the European Council? I thought I made a mistake. I read it again, I checked, and it was correct. I didn’t know myself, so you see how extraordinary it is. In this very specific period, we are living through now, with so many challenges, we have much to discuss, many compromises to reach, and many common positions to find. I’m sure about that.
Peer Gebauer: I couldn’t agree more. I think this anniversary is always a good occasion to, first of all, be grateful for what we have achieved. I think the French-German reconciliation is an extraordinary historical achievement that cannot be valued highly enough. After centuries of being opponents, and enemies in bitter wars, we have finally overcome this opposition, joined forces, and achieved so much already. So, it [Elysée-Day] is always a very special day, and it makes me very happy. Thank you, Nicolas, for doing this together with me, for celebrating this day here in Bucharest, and for doing so also within the framework of this interview. As for your question, yes, of course, France, Germany, and Europe as a whole are facing a number of challenges. But I think we are ready to tackle them, we are ready to address them, and we can best do this if we continue this very important French-German cooperation.
CaleaEuropeană.ro: You mentioned Chancellor Scholz representing also France at the last European Council, and I must say that over this history, we had, on the one side, Chancellors Adenauer, Kohl, Merkel, or Scholz, and on the other, Presidents De Gaulle, Mitterrand, Chirac, or Macron working together with a common vision or, despite different views, still managing to collaborate. We see how they have forged compromises for European integration. But that impetus, or maybe just that impression, has faded away over recent years. If we take examples such as tariffs on electric cars, the Draghi report on the future of European competitiveness, nuclear energy, common debt in defense, and others, how do you see French and German leadership? Do you see it as more divided, and how does this affect the European Union?

© CaleaEuropeană.ro/ Diana Zaim
Peer Gebauer: The impression that we have a greater division now might be somewhat incomplete. There are so many decisions and issues at stake. I would say that 99% of the time, Germany and France are completely in sync when it comes to dealing with developments in the Middle East and Syria, for example. When it comes to supporting Ukraine or EU enlargement, we are very much on the same page. In general, it is a phenomenon that only when there is disagreement or differing views, it makes the news. So, the impression then is that Germany and France are not in agreement anymore. I think we basically are. The fact that we are having discussions on some issues is completely normal. Friendship and cooperation don’t mean that you automatically have the same opinion. It means that you have a process of finding common ground in areas where we are working, as you mentioned in your question. I sense that we are not in a difficult situation regarding the French-German partnership and cooperation, but we are in constant need to see how we can best contribute as two countries, as a German-French engine, to the development of the European Union. And we are doing this. Nicolas has pointed out this agreement of representing one another in the European Council if the other leader is not available. And there are so many other formats where it’s just unique how closely we cooperate that I have no doubt that we are in good shape when it comes to our joint cooperation in the future.
Nicolas Warnery: We are covering so many subjects that it’s pretty normal to have 10% or 20% on which we disagree. But the important thing is not whether we disagree or agree. The important thing is to have a method that has existed for quite some time: to discuss every day, as I mentioned before, at any level, everywhere, on any subject, and to reach compromises. We may not always achieve common positions, but we reach compromises that allow us to share them with other partners, either in the European Union or in the Alliance, and we just manage to find common positions. So far, we have never failed to do so. The method is there. The will is there. Of course, personalities and individuals are very different. How many chancellors have you had since the ’50s, and how many presidents have we had? So many different situations have occurred, but they always managed to work together.
CaleaEuropeană.ro: There was a time when we had just one German chancellor and two French presidents, and now we have the same French president who is perhaps preparing for the third chancellor in his era. And I mentioned that because my next question is about the electoral moments, to put it this way, because we have 2024 coming with significant change for Europe, and it was a year that everyone considered the biggest electoral test. Then we would move forward with policies and projects. Although the pro-European majority was saved in the European Parliament, also thanks to pro-European forces from France and Germany, we now have these new EU institutions’ leadership, with leadership from Germany, from France, and so on. Both the founding countries of the EU, together with the other four, but these two particularly, France and Germany, were hit by the erosion of liberal democracy, to put it this way, and were attacked by extremism, by disinformation campaigns, and so on. We’ve seen that moderate, centrist and liberal establishment has lost traction, while the extreme right has gained political weight both in Germany and in France when we look at the European Elections. Now we have German snap elections, so another electoral event that is very important, and in Paris President Macron is struggling to keep up a powerful government, a pro-European and stable majority in France. These moments of democracy face issues from the pressure of disinformation and extremism in France and Germany. Should we feel worried about them? Will it affect Europe moving forward?

© CaleaEuropeană.ro/ Diana Zaim
Nicolas Warnery: I guess our three countries are facing the same kind of situation. We had elections, or we will have elections, or we might have elections again in our case. We are in a sort of very intense democratic period, which is good, but which is tricky because, you are right, there is this populist wave, these populist speeches, and these hybrid attacks. Now we all know that there was a hybrid attack, at least here in the Romanian election in November, just like there were also attacks in France in 2017 during the first election of President Macron. It was not the same kind of attack, but it was something. Everybody has forgotten that. It’s a bit different, but it’s probably the same actor because, obviously, it was the Russians. They stole, if I can say so, emails from the internal mail system of candidate Macron, who was not President at that time, and they put it on the internet just the day before the election. It was nothing too specific, but it included exchanges between personalities, little conflicts, little things like that, and it served as proof: we entered your house, we did what we wanted, we stole what we wanted, and we put it on the internet. It was a kind of hybrid attack. Also, just like we suffered other attacks, I mention that because it’s important: it’s not only Moldova, Georgia, or Romania—it’s everywhere in Europe. We had David’s stars painted on the walls of Paris, we had small coffins placed at the Eiffel Tower, and we had rumors about things in hotels linked to refugees, etc. So, we suffered, I insist, a few months ago in Paris, from hybrid attacks that we think the Russians originated. We are all facing this kind of thing, and we are all facing, coming back to your precise question, the populist speeches about the weakness of the European Union, NATO, the danger of war, etc. We must stand by our values; we must remember what is at stake: the security of our countries, of our continent. We must stick to our solidarity within the European Union, within the alliance. We must insist with the Americans — there is a new leadership, you know who’s arriving — we must insist on the importance of having the Ukrainians and Europe at the table of negotiations, if there are negotiations this year, which is a possible scenario. And we must never give up our values, our protection, our defense, our will to protect ourselves, because if we lose this will, we will lose everything—our freedom, our sovereignty—and it will be terrible, simply. We are facing difficult times, yes, all our free countries, but we are facing them together.
Peer Gebauer: Absolutely. It would be unwise and false to simply give in and give up, as you’ve outlined. If you look at the European elections you have been referring to, of course, we have also seen a rise in anti-establishment parties. Nevertheless, our institutions — in this case, in Europe, were able to forge a new government, a new leadership, and a new Commission, which is now operational. It faces many challenges and, of course, has to deliver, but it shows that despite this shift or the rise of anti-establishment parties, nationalist, and populist movements, our systems are strong enough to still make room for decision-makers to take responsibility. And again, the most decisive point in this challenging time — and it is a challenging time — is to now make sure that our leaders deliver on the very needs of their populations.
Nicolas Warnery: There is one paradox: when you look at the history of the European Union, it is often during times of terrible challenges and difficulties that we have been able, paradoxically, to make progress. I don’t know exactly how or why, but that is the result of our history. It seems to be part of our tradition.
Peer Gebauer: It is. And another observation I always make is that whenever you look at Europe at any given point in time, you have a feeling as if Europe has never been in a more terrible situation. Throughout my life, whenever I looked at the state of Europe, people would tell me, “Oh, it’s terrible right now; this is a big crisis”. But if you take a bird’s-eye view and look at Europe over the long run, you will see that it has been, over the decades, an extraordinary historical success—bringing peace and stability to Europe. We must not forget that when looking to a specific moment in time, you might see only problems. But looking at a broader period in time, you will see the effects of what we have achieved in Europe and European integration. It is a remarkable achievement, and we must ensure that it remains that way.
CaleaEuropeană.ro: Touching on that, isn’t this also, let’s say, the effect of seriousness of political discourse? Recently, we saw the president of Finland, Mr. Stubb, saying — and he’s probably right — that Europe’s “vacation from history” is over. Europe now needs to answer the call of becoming more sovereign, more strategic, and more economically robust. Of course, the terms may differ: Germany prefers to speak of economic security and France of strategic sovereignty, while others simply refer to security as a whole. But in essence, they mean the same thing. So, when we see political leaders adopting this gravity in their discourses, how can we think differently, that this is not the worst moment in history? And, as you know, there was a joke a few years ago: “Welcome to the European Union, where for every crisis we have a summit”.
Nicolas Warnery: We are facing difficult times, that’s true. But what can we do? Did we choose to have a war of aggression in Ukraine? Did we shape the new conception of American policy? Did we vote in November? No. We are facing the reality in front of us, and we have to react properly. That’s our task; that’s our mission.
Peer Gebauer: And you are right, of course, Robert, when you say it’s not a time to just ignore the challenges and think, “Well, we’ve always been able to manage it, so we don’t have to do anything”. Yes, we have to do a whole lot to be able to successfully overcome these challenges ahead of us. So, indeed, it is a specific moment in time, and I don’t want to downplay that. But the point is that we often underestimate the EU’s ability to deliver. And that’s something that should give us some confidence. But again, it should not generate a feeling of ‘I don’t have to do anything!’. It should incite us to take bold and decisive action. The Finnish president, of course, is right when he says, “Now is the time to deliver”.
Nicolas Warnery: And the same applies to climate, to the oceans, to demography, and to any other major issues we are facing, not just security and not just Ukraine.

© CaleaEuropeană.ro/ Diana Zaim
CaleaEuropeană.ro: I’ve identified, let’s say, four layers or topics that are very much discussed these days and that are important when we look both at the European and transatlantic stage. We see some keywords like competitiveness, defence, Donald Trump, Ukraine, the rise of extremist forces, and the power of disinformation. My first question is linked to the Mario Draghi report on the future of European competitiveness, which everyone or some people tend to see as the problem fixer in the European Union. We have the Budapest Declaration on the European Competitiveness Deal that all the leaders of the EU endorsed. But when this report came out, we had President Macron, I believe he was in Berlin, who warned that the EU might die if we do not take this moment and this report very seriously with the issues that it provides, like energy, defence, the chain of supplies, and so on. Meanwhile, some German lawmakers were saying that France is trapped in a Franco-French geopolitical mindset. So, this is another layer where we, as the press, as mass media, as think tankers, see that France and Germany are not on the same page. I want to know from you, where are the pieces where France and Germany align in this drive forward for European competitiveness, and where don’t they? Where do you align when it comes to the EU competitiveness?
Nicolas Warnery: I think it’s more a difference in terms of political culture. Our president is facing the situation on a daily basis in France. He knows that to stimulate and motivate his people, the French people, he sometimes has to dramatize the situation, because France is facing difficult times. He knows that it’s probably the best way to motivate. So, when he sometimes makes strong statements, it’s probably also for internal reasons. It’s not to provoke anyone, but to stimulate people. And the second factor is that he likes to promote ideas and provoke debates within the Union, NATO, the G7, etc. So, for these two reasons, he provokes certain reactions. I don’t really see, on this topic, differences regarding the real issue itself. I’m not sure there is actually a difference. Of course, probably your chancellor does not have the same kind of behaviour or the same kind of political culture. It’s different. For example: we have a terrible difficulty in France in regaining what we excelled at years ago—the tradition of compromise in internal policy. We are not able to achieve it anymore in the National Assembly, apparently. You still have this tradition. So, it’s normal that the reaction is not the same.

© CaleaEuropeană.ro/ Diana Zaim
Peer Gebauer: I would agree with you, with what you said. It’s often a matter of style, a question of style. Different politicians have different styles. There are also German politicians who use more outspoken words to maybe wake people up or to make their point more clearly. I wouldn’t put too much importance on differences in communication styles. When it comes to the Draghi report and competitiveness, I think there are several key elements that you’ve also outlined where we are fully in sync. There’s a tremendous need to deregulate and “de-bureaucratize” our systems. We have overdeveloped our regulatory frameworks. Why? Because we have always felt there’s a good reason for adding another element here and there to ensure even more fairness. While it has always been well-intentioned, the result is an overburden of bureaucracy that hinders our competitiveness. There’s an agreement among all of us that we need to cut back and to cut back boldly. The second element is, of course, that we need to strengthen our European industrial base, including our European defence industrial base and our overall European capacity. We have come to realize that relying on supply chains, in particular when you are dependent on countries that are politically at odds with you, might backfire in times of crisis. So, there is obviously a need to not rely on Russian fossil fuels or Chinese technological products, because you never know when there’ll be a cut in the supply chain. This is something we are very decisively working on. It is a topic for Germany, for the whole of Europe. Right now, we see what’s going on in the Republic of Moldova. Dependence on Russian fossil fuels backfires. We had to learn our lesson, and fortunately, it was possible for us to cut back to zero reliance in a rather short period. That’s the reality, and that’s something we all need to do to become less dependent on others. De-risking is a term that is often used for that, and I think this is crucial.
Nicolas Warnery: Our priorities are clear now. Our priorities within Europe are simplification, because we are now in a system of complexity which people reject. Sovereignty, industrial and defence security, energy, and the need to protect our liberty, our freedom, and our democracy.
Peer Gebauer: You can see there is a complete overlap in terms of strategy.
CaleaEuropeană.ro: Maybe when we look at the Draghi report, we have some special keywords. I mean, they are all there: cutting the red tape, reforming, and fresh money. Everyone focused on fresh money because Mario Draghi said that we need an incentive for investments of over 800 billion. Considering that we have a seven-year multi-annual budget of 1,000 billion and need just 800 for one year, that’s quite a lot. So, it’s not just about fresh money, as I get it from you. It’s also about simplification.
Peer Gebauer: The fresh money, well, it would be very easy if you could just print the money and have it, right? But this is not an economically feasible move. In order to spend money, you need to have an economic base that enables you to do so. This is why it is a bit more complicated to make sure that, at the same time, you are investing in your future, but you are not just printing money while destabilizing your monetary base. So here we are —politics is complicated —but there are smart minds in Europe that will certainly make good decisions and take us forward.
Nicolas Warnery: The goal is to invest, to regain our complete sovereignty in terms of industry, defence, agriculture, and energy. So, yes, fresh money is important, but so is the will to act. We have agreed that in order to generate money, we must first produce. We need to produce to earn, to export, and then to generate revenue. Money does not come from the sky; it comes from our labour, our work.
CaleaEuropeană.ro: The reason why I insisted on money and fresh money is because the discussion about strategic sovereignty when it comes to defence also lies a lot in the public debate on money. And we know that there is a new era, of course. We have the first EU Commission for Defence. We expect more initiatives coming up, like the first white charter on defence that the Commission needs to propose within the first 100 days of the new mandate. We have a lot of leaders that say we need to prepare for a war-footing economy. Even President Macron said that last year. In 2024, the former President of the European Council, Charles Michel, had the same idea. The Polish Presidency of the EU Council, with its motto “Security Europe”, has said that one thing they want to touch upon is the common financing of defence. Also, seeing the second Trump administration with the 5% new guideline, which is a lot, and seeing what NATO Secretary General Mark Rutte said a few days ago in the European Parliament — that either we invest more or we need to take Russian classes or go to New Zealand — of course, he was very plastic. But the fact is, these things are sufficient incentives to believe that we will have a super budget on defence or a common financing based on the model that you, France and Germany, created with the recovery from the pandemic?
Nicolas Warnery: We are already shifting to a war economy. We are slowly, perhaps too slowly, but we are shifting from a peace economy to a form of war economy. It’s a transition, and we should go faster, in my opinion. I agree. By war economy, I mean that we are not at war ourselves, but we are helping a friendly, neighbouring country that is at war. Therefore, we have to adapt our industry and our armies to a situation of war in the neighbourhood. This is what I mean by war economy. Russia has already fully adapted and shifted to a war economy. Ukraine, of course, has done so as well. And if we want to continue helping Ukraine, we have to shift ourselves to this kind of war economy or deterrence-oriented economy. That’s for sure. This means we have to sacrifice certain things —holidays, consumption, luxury goods, or other non-essentials. And in every country, we are going to make this shift, I guess.
Peer Gebauer: You’re referring with your question to this issue of how to best finance the expenditures that are needed. I don’t think there is just one perfect solution. We need the money, that’s obvious. As I said before, it doesn’t fall from the sky, as you’ve phrased it. You cannot simply turn on the printing machines, print money, and expect this to buy you something in a sustainable way. Whether each member state individually invests its own money into defence or whether we all pool our resources together, this is a discussion that is ongoing in the European Union. In the end, there might be a mixture — I don’t know. But the point is, we need to have the money first. So, we must ensure that our economic strength is bolstered. This is absolutely crucial, tying back to the issue of competitiveness. And then, of course, just having money — whether it’s individual countries’ funds or joint European funds — is not enough if we cannot buy anything. We need to place significant emphasis on establishing and further developing our European industrial base, particularly our defence industry, which is now a key focus. These are the elements we are concentrating on. The issue of how to spend the money, whether through shared resources or individual expenditures, remains to be seen. I’m sure that the option of increasing debts will also be on the table. This will be all sorted out. But this alone is not enough. I believe the issue of strengthening our industrial base is far more important.
CaleaEuropeană.ro: To link the budget to the industrial base in order to establish, let’s say, a well-rounded circular economy where you not only have the money but also invest in buying European. Buying European with European money.
Peer Gebauer: Absolutely. Having a strong European defence industry, industrial champions – we already have a few, but we need more, and they need to broaden their industrial base – is the way to move forward. By the way, Romania is, of course, a partner for French and German defence industries, because this country has a great tradition in the defence industry and the capacity to produce. So, these are things we are working on. It is very important in this context to make Europe strong.
CaleaEuropeană.ro: And the fact that we have a strong relationship also in terms of military presence, for example, France is conducting and leading the NATO battlegroup, which will soon become a brigade this year, as I understand, and additionally, Germany is also present here.
Nicolas Warnery: There is a link between the military aspect and the armament aspect. It’s all linked, like Peer mentioned a few minutes ago. So, we have to develop common programs, produce equipment locally that was invented elsewhere, repair it there, maintain it there, and progressively develop common equipment, ideally speaking. The goal is to build a European industry of armament.
CaleaEuropeană.ro: For sure, Europe has proven how capable it is, because if we look at the financial support, the same amount or maybe more than the United States, the EU has supported Ukraine. Financially, there are more than 130 billion euros that were poured into Ukraine, and the EU helped Ukraine with that. Also, right now, Europe and the European Union signal that they are ready to cover Ukraine’s needs if somehow the US stumbles following the new Trump administration. At the same time, President Zelenskyy considers that European security guarantees without the US umbrella are not enough. From this point of view, do you think that Europe and the US will be on the same page when it comes to NATO, Ukraine, but also Russia and China, because we also need to deal with these two? Do you think that there is momentum for peace talks this year? You mentioned this earlier in a few answers ago. Is there a moment for these discussions, and how do you see the relationship with the US on that?

© CaleaEuropeană.ro/ Diana Zaim
Peer Gebauer: When it comes to the US, the new US administration, of course, we’ll have to see how this plays out. We will certainly provide ideas from our end and continue to be supportive of Ukraine. You’re mentioning Zelenskyy’s point that when it comes to a security umbrella, it’s a bit of a different angle compared to simply supporting Ukraine. This concerns how to guarantee a potential peace scenario or a ceasefire scenario. Then, of course, the US, given its military might, is a very crucial element from a Ukrainian perspective. Let’s see how things play out. We all know the various perceptions or expressions from the US administration. The incoming one, Trump, had earlier stated he might solve this issue in 24 hours, but I think the new line is a bit broader. The newly designated special envoy for Ukraine, General Kellogg, has spoken about maybe this year, or in a few months. We will see what drive the US administration can develop. I very strongly believe that this new incoming US administration will try to be a bold mover of things. We have seen it recently in the Middle East that already the arrival of a new administration might have been helpful for generating progress in a deal regarding ceasefire and hostage release. So, let’s see how this plays out. I think there’s a window of opportunity for moving ahead. But the conditions for finding a ceasefire solution, of course, will have to be worked out very precisely. Particularly with Ukraine, you cannot decide on Ukraine without Ukraine. I think this would be a big mistake.
Nicolas Warnery: Yes, I think the Trump administration already understood before taking office that a quick deal, or an easy deal, would be a tricky deal. They cannot reach that kind of solution very easily. But if there is a negotiation, it has to be with the Ukrainians, with us Europeans, because we will be part, probably, of the security guarantees offered to Ukraine, and, hopefully, with the Americans themselves. We will all be in the same boat. But there cannot be a deal made like that between two persons somewhere apart from Ukraine or Europe. It is not possible. It is simply not possible. It will not work. It should not work.
CaleaEuropeană.ro: We will all be on the same boat, but how do we work together on the same boat with a partner, I’m speaking about the United States, which, at certain moments, has put us on a reactive or defensive stance. How can we build trust with the United States when someone like Elon Musk wants to play with Europe like his own backyard? We’ve seen how he’s spoken about Germany, about France, of course.
Nicolas Warnery: We have to be strong and united. Mr. Musk has not been elected by anyone. So, he’s just a businessman, and he has to respect our national and European regulations. I think he will. This is part of his communication strategy. I mean, he’s a man of communication. I’m not sure that show-off is the proper term, but it’s some kind of posturing or setting the stage for negotiations before actually entering them. But when we do enter negotiations, I’m sure he will be realistic.
Peer Gebauer: We see a change in communication. Absolutely. It’s as you said: people have different communication styles. So, the incoming administration has a different style of communicating. The key for us is to ensure that our interests are met and respected by being strong. This is very simple and very clear. We are already working on that. We have to do as much as we can. But if we are economically and militarily strong, then we will be a valuable partner. And we will make sure that any administration on the other side of the Atlantic will see the added value in cooperating with Europe.
CaleaEuropeană.ro: Well, I must say that usually, when I did these types of interviews, the last question was usually the cherry on top of the cake. And it was about Romania’s accession into Schengen. But now, since we fulfilled in Schengen, we don’t have that question anymore. And also, thanks to France and Germany, Romania has managed to achieve this success. However, I have to say that we ended 2024 with President Steinmeier’s speech dissolving the parliament and calling for snap elections, he warned about malign and foreign interferences against democracies, citing Romania’s elections and the annulment of the presidential elections. At the Conference of Ambassadors that you mentioned, President Macron once again invoked that Romania’s top court had to take an unprecedented move in annulling the elections because of Russian foreign interference and state-acted foreign interference. As top diplomats of Romania’s most important European partners, how do you assess what’s happening now to and for Romania? Are you worried or do you see Romania capable to wave down anti-NATO and anti-EU shocks?

© CaleaEuropeană.ro/ Diana Zaim
Peer Gebauer: Nobody has a guarantee for anything in terms of the development of an individual country. I wouldn’t, you know, think too much about worst-case scenarios. I think Romania has proven over the years to be an extremely valuable, reliable, and constructive NATO ally, EU partner, and friend — individually for France, for Germany, but of course also in NATO and the EU. And every indication I have tells me that we are on a good track to continue to have Romania as a partner in this sense. This is absolutely important. And Romania has, over the last years, I think, impressively improved its foreign policy standing. We’ve spoken about Schengen. I mean, it’s a great success, well-deserved and should have come earlier. You had to work hard, you did your homework, and you were rewarded. The CVM has been lifted a few years ago. OECD accession is on an excellent track. Visa waiver now, another check in the box. Romania is a sought-after partner when it comes to negotiating and talking about issues like the Black Sea, Moldova, and the developments in Ukraine. So, this contrasts a bit with the fact that there is an anti-governmental sentiment in Romania. It makes one wonder. So, it’s interesting why these developments are nevertheless not fully acknowledged by more people. Why is this the case? I believe one element we’ve touched upon numerous times is malign interference from our enemies — Russia, to name the foremost — which is twisting the truth, fueling discontent here and there. But of course, there’s also an element of politics on the national level, whether Romanian, French, or German, and of course, on the European level as well., We need to address people’s needs more effectively. And I think “simplification” was the term you’ve used for President Macron’s speech. We need to concentrate more on what’s really relevant. Perhaps we have put too much emphasis and focus on side topics. But right now, it is not the time to focus on whatever might be less important. Concentrate on security, on the economy, and on making sure that our democratic systems stay resilient and safe.
Nicolas Warnery: I would say, just in a few words, that I’m confident Romania will not leave the European Union or NATO, especially considering that the only country to have left the European Union a few years ago is regretting it very much.
Robert Lupițu este redactor-șef, specialist în relații internaționale, jurnalist în afaceri europene și NATO. Robert este laureat al concursului ”Reporter și Blogger European” la categoria Editorial și co-autor al volumelor ”România transatlantică” și ”100 de pași pentru o cetățenie europeană activă”. Face parte din Global Shapers Community, o inițiativă World Economic Forum, și este Young Strategic Leader în cadrul inițiativelor The Aspen Institute. Din 2019, Robert este membru al programului #TT27 Leadership Academy organizat de European Political Strategy Center, think tank-ul Comisiei Europene.

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VIDEO INTERVIU “Îmi vor lipsi România și românii”. Bilanțul ambasadorului Germaniei la final de mandat: Schengen, cooperare în apărare și energie, parteneriat politic strâns; Noii lideri vor putea continua pe calea trasată

Ambasadorul Franței condamnă dezinformările la adresa țării sale care servesc Rusiei: De-a lungul istoriei, Rusia a atacat România. Franța o protejează militar, a ajutat-o cu intrarea în Schengen și o sprijină pentru aderarea la OCDE
ENGLISH
EXCLUSIVE | NATO Secretary General: America is completely invested in NATO and Romania. The Eastern Sentry starts in the Black Sea because it’s of vital strategic importance to NATO
Published
1 week agoon
November 6, 2025
During his first official visit to Bucharest as NATO Secretary General, Mark Rutte reaffirmed in an exclusive interview with CaleaEuropeană.ro the United States’ and NATO’s full commitment to Romania and the Eastern flank, dismissing any speculation about a “decoupling” between Europe and the US for the European security amid American reduction of forces in Romania.
“The US is completely invested in NATO, completely invested in Romania. You have seen President Trump at The Hague Summit. (…) This has absolutely nothing to do with this country. You are a highly valued NATO ally,” Rutte said.
The NATO chief also emphasized the importance of continued support for Ukraine, warning that any reduction in that support would directly increase the threat to Romania and to the Alliance as a whole.
“If Ukraine were not supported, the threat to Romania would be much greater“, he added, suggesting that in this case Romania and its allies would have to do much more for defense.
“When we talk about NATO, we talk about Romania. When we talk about Romania, we talk about NATO. It’s one and the same thing“, he added, noting that the threat to Romania and NATO would be one and the same.
Rutte added that the Alliance is adapting to the new security realities by integrating the defence of the Eastern Flank within the new “Eastern Sentry” concept, which starts in the Black Sea and stretches to the High North.
“The Black Sea is of vital strategic importance to NATO. What Romania is doing to keep it safe and free is crucial,” he stated.
The NATO Secretary General also thanked Romania for its support to the Republic of Moldova, stressing that he shares the “sense of urgency” expressed by President Nicușor Dan regarding hybrid threats from Russia.
CaleaEuropeană.ro: Mr. Secretary General of NATO, Mark Rutte, welcome to Romania on your first visit here as NATO’s top official and especially welcome on Calea Europeană!
Mark Rutte: Thank you to have me on the platform.
CaleaEuropeană.ro: Mr. Secretary General, your visit coincides with Washington’s announcement about repositioning rotational U.S. forces in Romania. How should Romanians, a people with high confidence both in NATO and our bilateral Strategic Partnership with the US, perceive this decision?
Mark Rutte: Well, let me be very explicit. The Americans have a big presence in Europe. What they are constantly doing is adjusting their presence, making sure that they make the best use of their troops in Europe, and they took this decision. This has nothing to do with Romania, nothing to do with NATO or their commitment. It has to do with the fact that they want to make sure that they make maximum use of their resources. And Romania is extremely well protected by your own armed forces, by the foreign land force, but of course also by the fact that we have this deal in NATO, which is that if you got to be attacked, we will collectively come to the rescue. And that is all staying there.
CaleaEuropeană.ro: Can you confirm whether other NATO allies, since the NATO battlegroup in Romania led by France will be scaled up to a brigade, will compensate for this US adjustment in Romania?
Mark Rutte: This is an adjustment because they came to the conclusion that they can make better use of those troops in another way. We have this Eastern Sentry activity, which starts in the Black Sea and ends in the High North, which is integrating everything we do to protect our Eastern Flank. If in that context you would, whenever, wherever, more troops or whatever resources in Romania, they will be there.
CaleaEuropeană.ro: Either European or American?
Mark Rutte: Yeah. I mean, of course, the whole of NATO is collectively defending the Eastern flank. And that means that it’s never this one flag on the mission, it’s always the collective NATO endeavour. But always starting, of course, with your own Romanian Armed Forces. And that’s why I’m so happy that Romania is really investing in this collective defence itself.
CaleaEuropeană.ro: The reason why we are insisting on this topic is that in the Eastern part of NATO there is a sensitivity or fear of Europe decoupling from the US or vice versa. Do you feel that this US troops reduction will shift Romania from a balanced US – European military footprint to a more European one?
Mark Rutte: Can I please again tell you, you are looking, you are really reading too much into this. The US is completely invested in NATO, it’s completely invested in Romania. You have seen President Trump at the The Hague Summit. He had only one irritant with NATO, and rightly so. And that was the fact that we in Europe were not paying the same as the Americans are paying. And this is a problem since Eisenhower was President in the US. This US President has been able to correct that. With the NATO Summit in The Hague, Europeans, including Romania, have decided we will pay the same as the Americans, not only because we want to equalise with the US, but because we need it for our own collective defence, because of the staggering Russian military build-up over the last couple of years, still continuing. So, the US is completely invested in NATO, completely invested in Romania. This is the normal day-to-day job of every nation to make sure that you make maximum use of your troops. They came to the conclusion, we can better adjust a little bit like they did. Absolutely nothing to do with this country. You are highly valued, because you punch above your weight. You are active all over NATO territory. You are a highly valued NATO ally. And this is not me saying this. I hear this from every corner in NATO that they respect Romania.
CaleaEuropeană.ro: In his recent memoir, your predecessor Jens Stoltenberg, talks about the fiery summit in 2018 when you played a role in calming US President Donald Trump. Also, one of the qualities that portrayed you on top for the NATO race is being “Trump’s whisperer”. Is it hard to win Donald Trump’s heart and mind?
Mark Rutte: Nobody is a whisperer. Not for you, for me, for President Trump. Let’s stay with the facts. What he did when he was in his first presidency, in Trump 45, he said to the Europeans, you committed to 2%. It was this famous Welsh pledge. But you are not doing it. So what we saw in 2018, that indeed, over some time since he became President in 2017, you saw a sort of uptake in European defence spending. But that is small stuff compared to what is happening now with Trump 47. Because now we will move to 3.5%. The Germans, for example, when you compare 2021 with 2029, they will add another 100 billion euros, which is another 115 billion dollars each year to their defence spending. Yes, this is because of the Russian threat, but also because the Americans rightly have told us, hey, we want to stay involved, we want to stay engaged, but you have to equalise your spending with what we are spending. And we did. This was The Hague Summit. I still think that was one of the biggest foreign policy successes for President Trump. So he doesn’t need a whisperer. The facts are there. He is delivering, and we are with him.
CaleaEuropeană.ro: Thank you. Moving now to Romania, because you mentioned the important role that we have in the Alliance… We know that Romania has become central to NATO’s presence in the Black Sea, and there is no secret that Romania pushes forward for a more important role of the Black Sea region in NATO, especially since Russia’s full-scale invasion in Ukraine. But NATO officials are often asked about the difference of a more articulated Allied presence in the Baltic region and a lower one in the Black Sea. How do we counter this?
Mark Rutte: There is no talk of this. Maybe someday you will always have gossip. You are a journalist. When you go to the EU or to NATO, you always have the chattering classes discussing this. But this is not what is happening in real life. The fact that we are now integrating the defence of the Eastern Flank within this Eastern Sentry activity, it is starting in the Black Sea. Why? Because the Black Sea is of vital strategic importance to NATO. What you are doing, what Turkiye is doing, what others are doing to keep the Black Sea safe and free is crucial. But, of course, we also have to defend the High North, so the whole of the Eastern Flank is crucial. And the great thing with this new activity, Eastern Sentry, is that we combine all these activities. That’s one. So we are more flexible. We can, as I said before, we can scale up and do more in Romania or wherever and whenever is needed. But also, when it comes to the new technologies, we know the drones, having entered NATO airspace over the last couple of weeks again. Were very reckless, even if it was not intentional. It was at least reckless and unacceptable. But to build our own anti-drone technologies it will be part of this platform. So that we can speed up, scale up what we do in terms of countering these drone activities. One type of project like this is the Eastern Sentry.
CaleaEuropeană.ro: And with this Eastern Sentry project that somehow started as a Baltic Sentry, do you see the Black Sea moving towards a more permanent or NATO maritime coordination framework also for drones, anti-drones, air drones, naval drones and so on?
Mark Rutte: The Baltic Sentry is specific for the Baltic. It is there because of the hybrid threats, cutting of other CC cables, etc. That’s why we launched on the 5th of January this year, 10 days after the latest incident between Finland and Estonia on the 25th of December, we launched the Baltic Sentry. That’s specifically for the Baltic Sea. But when it comes to Eastern Sentry, this is integrating all the defence of the Eastern Flank in terms of air and whatever you need. As I said, starting in the Black Sea and ending, and if necessary, beyond. But I don’t think there is a beyond to High North. So it is from the Black Sea and to the High North. Yes, making it more flexible, integrating everything we are doing, but also, indeed to your point, making sure that we can implement the latest technologies, particularly when it comes to hybrid, drones, etc. Learning from Ukrainians, taking lessons from what is now happening in Denmark a couple of weeks ago, Belgians are at the moment also struggling with drones above their airports. We are working together as NATO countries to support, but also to learn, so that we become better and better in comforting them.
CaleaEuropeană.ro: You opened here in Bucharest together with President Nicușor Dan the NATO Industry Forum. You’ve put ramping up military production and meeting capability targets at the core of your mandate. Taking a quantum leap, you said. But which one is more pressing:p utting the industry on the wheels of delivering capabilities for allies, support for Ukraine as it heads into another winter of war, or the prospect of Russia testing NATO’s agility and maybe Article 5?
Mark Rutte: When it comes to Ukraine, this is a specific point I wanted to make for your viewers, if you allow me. I know there is a debate in every country, also in Romania, should we keep on supporting Ukraine. Please understand, if Ukraine would not be supported, the threat to Romania would be so much bigger than with Ukrainians staying in the fight.
CaleaEuropeană.ro: And for NATO as well.
Mark Rutte: Yeah, but Romania is NATO, NATO, Romania. There is no difference. When you talk about NATO, you talk about Romania. When you talk about Romania, you talk about NATO. It is, as you see here, the Romanian flag, NATO, it’s all the same. And we have to make sure that the Ukrainians will stay, not only because of our values, because this is a direct security threat to Romania, to the whole of NATO, if they would not stay in the fight, if they would not sustain. And forget that you can then spend 3.5 percent on defense. And thank you, Romania, for doing it, even before 2035. But then you would have to move to 5, 6, 7 percent defense spending. It would have massive impacts on our societies if that happens. Because the Russians would then be emboldened and so much stronger. We have to ramp up defense production, absolutely, because it’s an integral part of our deterrent defense. But also, we have to make sure that Ukraine stays as strong as possible in the fight.
CaleaEuropeană.ro: Exactly one year ago Romania’s democracy has been under pressure by a sophisticated campaign targeting our presidential elections. When referring to Russia’s destabilising activities in Romania, President Nicușor Dan quotes the North Atlantic Council Statement condemning Moscow’s malicious cyber activities in Romania and he believes that when it comes to hybrid warfare we are one step behind Russia. How can we turn this tide?
Mark Rutte: I’m not sure we are one step behind. I’m not sure I completely would subscribe to what he says about that if you quote him correctly. But I do, I do of course concur with his sense of urgency, which is part of that statement by the President. But I can assure you that the whole of NATO, including Romania, we are all very much aware of the hybrid threat. It has many faces. It is multifaceted. We cannot always talk about it in public, what we are doing to counter it, to make sure others will not try again. But it is an integral part of our defense. Let me be very clear about this and we have seen also in the recent Moldovan elections. And thank you again to Romania for everything you do for Moldova. It’s crucial. How important it is that elections are as free as possible.
CaleaEuropeană.ro: Thank you very much, Mr. NATO Secretary General.
Mark Rutte: Thank you very much. Thank you.
EDITORIALE
Why our world is better and how it would change if we accepted theirs
Published
2 months agoon
September 24, 2025By
REDACTIA
By Dan Cărbunaru
The manipulations and disinformation eroding Western society are casting us adrift, into a drift that democracy seems poised to internalize, replacing the dynamics of civic engagement. In other words, precisely the bond without which the elected and the elector can remain connected only through the resigned necessity of maintaining appearances
For years, legitimate criticisms of the imperfections of the democratic system have been assembled and woven into narratives of hostile hybrid techniques, in which psychological influence methods have already led to the shaping of a veritable cognitive war.
Ideological narratives have succeeded in convincing an increasing number of Western citizens that democracy is corrupt, while simultaneously favoring the far right, after conservatives shifted toward the center.
While leaders prepare for the ever more probable confrontation with Russia, citizens’ readiness to defend democratic rights seems far behind their preparedness to defend their own territory.
Strengthening the mass media, education, and critical thinking are frequently on the lips of theorists and, at times, politicians, yet the results are slow to appear. Meanwhile, disinformation continues, growing ever more sophisticated, and exposure to conspiracy theories and manipulations deepens levels of mistrust, confusion, and disengagement.
Beyond this baseline, propaganda begins to bear fruit, influencing the population to act—for example, steering not only their perception but also their vote in a particular direction.
Although disinformation is easier to carry out, it is only a first stage. After values are relativized and citizens disoriented, opinions are then channeled toward action.
With a population increasingly disconnected from leaders they no longer identify with, leaders who have been subjected to a campaign of discrediting, an attack on elites becomes, in turn, an attack on those different from oneself as an individual.
How can one distinguish truth from falsehood, defend the Constitution, and yet not undermine democracy?
Today, we see ever more clearly how the Russians use weapons from the hybrid warfare arsenal, tools we either do not know well enough or do not fully understand, while simultaneously threatening with the military arsenal we are familiar with.
Drones, aircraft, ballistic missiles, launched alongside narratives that twist the minds of audiences—first-generation weapons.
After the failure to conquer Ukraine in three days, it took more than a year to fabricate justifications for horrors unseen since World War II. Then, after crafting messages to justify the crimes, the targeting of civilians, and the invasion, the messengers exploited the outcome of the U.S. elections. These gave them an opportunity to pose as pro-American by echoing certain ideas promoted by the victorious U.S. conservatives. And this is how Europe found itself antagonized—branded as progressive in contrast with the Democratic camp in the United States, and with the self-styled new conservative knights of the East.
And so, the battle between autocrats and democrats has intensified. Unfortunately, mercantilism has turned the confrontation of values into negotiation and barter. Somehow, in a sad irony, this mirrors the blindness of Europeans who continued doing business with the Russians even after the illegal annexation of Crimea. The shift from democracy to autocracy through mercantilism, and the legitimization of pro-Russian sentiment through conservatism, has allowed the ongoing relativization and blending of values, thereby making it even harder to grasp the fundamental stakes.
Meanwhile, the quality of the political class is declining, creating a problem that goes beyond the continuity of leadership in autocracies.
But in the end, why should citizens believe in democracy more than their leaders do? Leaders discredited by smear campaigns, by their own political battles, grounded in realities already known to the public. Under such conditions, the watchdog of democracy unintentionally amplifies the impact of hybrid campaigns—confirming corruption in the system, discrediting leaders, all against a backdrop of missing positive projects, of construction and hope.
What is happening at the level of European leadership? Leaders are isolated and divided, both from one another and from their citizens. We no longer have popular leaders who are not, at best, mere populists.
Meanwhile, those left behind, whether through lack of education, inadequate preparation, or any form of marginalization, feel abandoned in the midst of an economic and social transformation unfolding under the pressure of various challenges: inflation, structural shifts in the economy, digitalization, green policies, and migration.
What remains of the inclusive society, one that should not leave people abandoned in the course of progress?
How long can democracy withstand this cocktail of mistrust, fear and disengagement?
Populist leaders claim to be the only ones who know the solution, tolerating no challengers. Don’t get involved in politics, it’s for others. The discouragement of participation in the democratic game has strengthened an alternative in which extremists are rising in the polls, in votes won, and perhaps soon in power.
With citizens discouraged and disconnected from the stakes of functional democracy, and with states either unable or unwilling to manage the psychological warfare waged against society, are we left to await direct confrontation, a conventional war? Or will our democracies surrender, one by one, like the towers of a fortress collapsing from within?
The relativization of democracy and the drift toward autocracy demobilize the effort of defense. What are we defending? What sense does it make to defend a form of social organization portrayed as inefficient, immoral, and corrupt, ultimately not so different from autocracy? Does autocracy bring dialogue and peace? What kind of peace? One that redraws the moral map?
It is of little use that the Western economic model, the one that won the First Cold War, remains functional and unbeatable, or that technological progress and innovation continue to be powerful assets in global competition, if the social fabric is so vulnerable and so difficult to protect or regenerate through democratic means when faced with the instruments activated by autocracies.
Unfortunately, the vulnerabilities being exploited are rooted in mistakes and realities; they are not activated in an empty aquarium.
And those who come to see the resolution of their real or imagined problems through means that weaken or even call into question democratic mechanisms become supporters of the very plan through which our democracies can be transformed into autocracies. The image of a Russia as savior, capable of delivering us from the dangers loudly painted across social media, as a liberator from oppressive elites, is a false representation of the real solutions Western societies need in order to regain balance.
It is true, hybrid warfare is nothing new. Nearly three millennia ago, Sun Tzu wrote that to fight and win all battles is not the ultimate excellence, but rather to subdue the enemy’s resistance without fighting. Cognitive warfare is what leads to surrender, to submission through fear.
Will we develop immunity in time? Will it be a herd immunity? A vaccine? Or will we ignore this immense existential challenge facing our democracies?
ENGLISH
INTERVIEW Italy’s Ambassador: Romania’s OECD accession will be “a strategic step” towards democratic and economic resilience; Our bilateral cooperation will also prioritize Ukraine’s reconstruction
Published
2 months agoon
September 24, 2025
Italy and Romania are strengthening their Strategic Partnership through “concrete coordination — politically, militarily, and industrially,” ambassador Alfredo Durante Mangoni told CaleaEuropeană.ro, stressing Romania’s pivotal role on NATO’s Eastern Flank and in the Black Sea, while also linking it to the stability of the Mediterranean and the Western Balkans.
In an interview at the end of his diplomatic term, the ambassador emphasized Italy’s support for Romania’s transition from Soviet-era platforms to advanced systems such as the F-16 and F-35, recalling that his country hosts the only F-35 assembly and maintenance facility outside the United States.
At the same time, Mangoni underlined that “transatlantic unity and European strategic autonomy are not contradictory, but complementary,” pointing to the allies’ pledge to dedicate 5% of defense investment to joint procurement and to the strategic importance of the SAFE instrument in strengthening Europe’s defense industrial base.
The ambassador also noted that Romania’s recent experience in facing disinformation campaigns, including the annulment of its 2024 presidential elections, “has become an emblematic case for European democracy as a whole.”
On the economic front, he praised Romania’s potential as a regional energy and technology hub and highlighted that OECD membership would be “a strategic step to consolidate democratic governance and economic resilience,” while stressing that bilateral cooperation will also prioritize Ukraine’s reconstruction through major infrastructure and energy projects.
CaleaEuropeană.ro: Looking back at your mandate, what do you consider to be the most significant achievements in the relationship between Italy and Romania?
Alfredo Durante Mangoni: Thank you for the question. One of the most significant achievements of my mandate was the Italy Romania Intergovernmental Summit after 13 years which relaunched the Enhanced Strategic Partnership between Italy and Romania. Together with Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni and former Prime Minister Marcel Ciolacu, we signed a comprehensive joint declaration covering all key areas of cooperation, a true Action Plan. On that occasion, we also organized a major Business Forum, which brought together institutions and entrepreneurs from both sides, further strengthening the economic dimension of our partnership.
Other highlights include the official visit of President Sergio Mattarella to Bucharest in June 2024, and the presentation of a research study on the impact of Italian investments in Romania. Just last week, we launched the business guide “Diplomacy for Growth: Destination Romania”, alongside the visit of a delegation from the Italian Parliament—further proof of our shared commitment to deepening economic ties.
These milestones reflect a stronger, more strategic relationship between our countries, built on trust, shared values, and a common European vision.
CaleaEuropeană.ro: In the current security context marked by Russia’s war of aggression against Ukraine, how have Italy and Romania cooperated within the European Union and NATO, and how do you see Italy’s and Romania’s role in supporting Ukraine’s defense? At the same time, how can Romania and Italy work better at the EU level, considering the ambitions to ramp up the defence industry under SAFE instrument?
Alfredo Durante Mangoni: In the current security context marked by Russia’s war of aggression against Ukraine, Italy and Romania have significantly deepened their cooperation within NATO. Our joint focus is particularly strong on NATO’s Eastern Flank, where Romania plays a pivotal role in safeguarding European security, especially given the strategic importance of the Black Sea. For Italy, the stability of this region is closely linked to that of the broader Mediterranean and Western Balkans, making maritime security and NATO deterrence natural areas of collaboration.
Italy and Romania share a common vision as EU and NATO members, and our Strategic Partnership translates into concrete coordination—politically, militarily, and industrially. We are working toward a bilateral defense agreement to further consolidate this cooperation, with a strong emphasis on joint training, exchange of best practices, and defense industry partnerships. Italian participation in NATO air policing missions in Romania reflects this growing trust, alongside active dialogue between our armed forces, including naval and air assets.
Romania’s transition from Soviet-era platforms to more advanced systems opens new opportunities for collaboration. Italy has invested in Romania across multiple defense sectors—land vehicles, naval retrofitting, drones, satellites—and is ready to offer a wide range of products and services, enabling technology transfer and qualified employment. A key area is Romania’s acquisition of F-16 aircraft and pilot training, with the next step being the F-35. Italy hosts the only certified F-35 assembly and maintenance facility outside the U.S., and we stand ready to support Romania with both assembly capacity and advanced training.
In parallel, the European SAFE instrument offers a strategic opportunity to build a more integrated and resilient European defense industry. Italy and Romania are among its largest beneficiaries, and while national project portfolios are still being finalized with the European Commission, there is strong political will to deepen cooperation and unlock industrial synergies that strengthen collective security and competitiveness. At the same time, our Strategic Partnership is also framed within the broader ambition of advancing the European project: focusing on the Green Deal and the twin transition, enhancing energy security, resilience, and strategic autonomy. By working together in these areas, Italy and Romania can contribute to the creation of true European public goods, reinforcing the Union’s cohesion and global role.
CaleaEuropeană.ro: Transatlantic unity remains vital for Europe’s security. Italy seems to perform well in its relationship with the US and namely the Trump administration. What can we learn from this approach and what implications could this have for NATO and Eastern Flank security?
Alfredo Durante Mangoni: Transatlantic unity remains a cornerstone of European security. The United States continues to play a central role in guaranteeing peace and stability across the continent—a role it has upheld for over 76 years. The enduring strength of the transatlantic partnership is not only a historical pillar but a strategic necessity in the face of evolving threats, particularly on NATO’s Eastern Flank.
Italy’s solid relationship with the United States, including with the current administration, reflects a pragmatic and forward-looking approach that reinforces NATO cohesion. At the same time, the evolving posture of the U.S. administration can be interpreted as an opportunity for the European Union to accelerate its path toward greater strategic autonomy.
This shift has already prompted concrete commitments: at the NATO Summit in The Hague, European governments—including Italy and Romania—pledged to reach the target of 5% of defense investment dedicated to joint procurement, innovation, and industrial capacity. In parallel, the launch of the ReArm Europe initiative and the SAFE instrument offers a historic opportunity to strengthen Europe’s defense industrial base.
In this context, transatlantic unity and European strategic autonomy are not contradictory—they are complementary. A stronger Europe, capable of investing in its own security and defense industry, ultimately reinforces NATO and contributes to the collective deterrence posture, particularly in regions like the Black Sea and the Mediterranean, where Italy and Romania share converging strategic interests.
CaleaEuropeană.ro: Romania recently faced major challenges from hybrid campaigns that even disrupted its presidential elections last year, while other European partners face similar threats. From your perspective, how can Italy and Romania strengthen cooperation in countering disinformation and protecting democratic institutions?
Alfredo Durante Mangoni: Romania’s recent experience with hybrid threats, culminating in the annulment of its 2024 presidential elections due to foreign interference, has become an emblematic case for understanding the impact of disinformation on European democracy. The Constitutional Court’s decision of December 2024 highlighted both the fragility of the digital information space and the transnational nature of manipulation campaigns.
Italy and Romania can respond by strengthening cooperation through joint training, sharing best practices, and supporting platforms, which bring together institutions, civil society, journalists, and international experts. These fora should focus on the importance of media literacy, open-source intelligence, and support for quality investigative journalism as essential tools to build resilience.
At the European level, Italy has stressed the need for a coordinated, multi-layered approach against foreign information manipulation. By aligning efforts and integrating media education into national security strategies, Italy and Romania can help safeguard electoral integrity, reinforce democratic trust, and contribute to a stronger and more resilient European Union.
CaleaEuropeană.ro: Italy is one of Romania’s most important economic partners. Where do you see the greatest opportunities for deepening bilateral trade and investment in the coming years?
Alfredo Durante Mangoni: Italy is already one of Romania’s leading economic partners, and I believe there is still considerable potential to deepen our trade and investment ties. Romania’s growing integration into European value chains and the steady improvement of its skilled workforce make it an increasingly attractive hub for technological development and for consolidating its role as a regional energy center.
Italian companies are well positioned to contribute to this process, building on a long tradition of excellence in infrastructure and transport projects, where our know-how has left a visible mark over the past three decades. Looking forward, however, opportunities extend well beyond this sector. As highlighted in the Business Guide, published by the Embassy and freely available on our website, the most promising areas for future cooperation include transport and sustainable infrastructures; the energy sector; the circular economy; and AgriTech whit food processing, and agri-food products.
These are fields where Italian expertise and Romanian potential can complement each other, guided by shared principles of quality, sustainability, and innovation. By focusing on these priorities, we can further strengthen bilateral economic relations and create new opportunities for growth in the years ahead.
CaleaEuropeană.ro: Looking forward, what areas of cooperation do you believe should become priorities—particularly regarding the reconstruction of Ukraine and regional stability?
Alfredo Durante Mangoni: Looking ahead, reconstruction of Ukraine and the broader effort to ensure regional stability should be one of the key priorities for Italy and Romania cooperation in the infrastructure and energy sectors where our countries can make a meaningful impact.
A prime example is the Brăila Bridge, a critical infrastructure project near the Ukrainian border, built by a consortium with a majority participation of the Italian company Webuild. Its strategic location and engineering excellence make it a potential logistical asset for future reconstruction efforts in Ukraine.
Equally important is the Neptun Deep gas project in the Black Sea, where the Italian company Saipem, known for its cutting-edge subsea technologies, won a major contract for gas extraction and transport. Operating in a geopolitically sensitive area adjacent to a war zone, Saipem brings the expertise needed to manage complex geological conditions. In the energy sector, another significant contribution comes from Ansaldo at Cernavodă, where Italian technology and expertise are supporting Romania’s nuclear energy development, further strengthening the country’s energy security and diversification. When Romania will become the EU’s leading gas producer in the coming years, such success will owe a lot to Italian technology and know-how.
CaleaEuropeană.ro: Italy has supported Romania’s path toward OECD membership. What reforms and policy changes do you believe will be most important for Romania to succeed, also in the context of further attracting Italian investments?
Alfredo Durante Mangoni: OECD membership would be a strategic step for Romania to consolidate democratic governance, economic resilience, and international credibility. To succeed in this process, Romania will need to focus on a few key reform areas such as strengthening institutional capacity and regulatory transparency, improving infrastructure and connectivity, enhancing workforce skills and technical education and accelerating the green and digital transitions, in line with OECD standards, to position Romania as a competitive and sustainable economy within the EU and globally.
In this context, we have also promoted public diplomacy initiatives focused on business integrity, corporate responsibility, workforce training and skills development, as well as anti-money laundering practices, which are all essential elements for building investor confidence and aligning with OECD best practices.
Italy and Romania share the ambition to become regional hubs: Italy in the Mediterranean, importing clean energy such as hydrogen from Africa for Northern European markets; Romania in South Eastern Europe, connecting the Caucasus and the Mediterranean, and bridging Eastern and Western Europe. OECD accession is a signal of Romania’s long-term commitment to reform and modernization, which Italy will continue to strongly support.
CaleaEuropeană.ro: On a personal note, how did you find Romania when you first arrived, and what are your main takeaways from this diplomatic mission as you prepare to leave?
Alfredo Durante Mangoni: When I first arrived in Romania in 2021, I discovered a country both wonderful and complex, one that truly surprised me because it is still not very well known abroad. What struck me most were the people: open, lively, and always genuinely interested in Italy, not only those who have lived or studied there, but also many others who feel a natural closeness to our culture. There is a kind of Latin warmth here in terms of hospitality, an ease of understanding, and a sympathy that exist a priori.
During my tenure here, I found a nation rich in human qualities and blessed with extraordinary natural beauty. I have witnessed Romania changing, with more and more welcoming places where my wife and me had the opportunity to rest and recharge over the weekends. Looking ahead, I believe Romania should continue to invest in its natural treasures, as they hold the potential to foster sustainable tourism, an asset that could become an important source of economic growth in the future.
On a personal note, I have been particularly impressed by Bucharest, which I have seen transform into an extremely vibrant and constantly buzzing city, especially in the fields of contemporary art, architecture, and design. Today, it is establishing itself as a true ‘place to be,’ an unexpected incubator of new trends that was not there when I first arrived here.
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Premierul landului Saxonia consideră că este în interesul Germaniei să reia importurile de energie din Rusia: Relațiile economice ne sporesc și securitatea

Bolojan face apel la combaterea falsificării istoriei, la 38 de ani de la revolta anticomunistă din Brașov care “a arătat lumii că dictatura nu poate înfrânge dorința de libertate a românilor”

Miniștrii de externe ai României și Ucrainei au discutat despre “minoritatea națională română din Ucraina și drepturile sale la educație” în limba maternă

Bugetul UE pentru 2026 prioritizează coeziunea și mediul. Securitatea și apărarea, la fundul sacului

UE majorează cu 25 milioane de euro sprijinul pentru Vecinătatea Estică în 2026, pentru a compensa retragerea finanțării americane pentru societatea civilă din regiune, inclusiv din R. Moldova

Acord la Bruxelles asupra bugetului UE pentru 2026. Victor Negrescu: România își consolidează rolul în arhitectura europeană de securitate cibernetică
V. Ponta: Discuţiile din Parlament privind bugetul încep la 14 ianuarie

Mapamond: Care vor fi principalele evenimente ale anului 2013

Angela Merkel: “Mediul economic va fi mai dificil în 2013”
9 mai, o triplă sărbătoare pentru români: Ziua Europei, a Independenţei României şi sfârşitul celui de-al Doilea Război Mondial

Barometru: Cluj-Napoca înregistrează cea mai ridicată calitate a vieții din România, alături de Oradea și Alba Iulia

Ambasadorul SUA Adrian Zuckerman: România va deveni cel mai mare producător și exportator de energie din Europa

Huffington Post: România a fost condusă din 1989 de “o clică incompetentă de escroci foşti comunişti”

Premierul Italiei, Mario Monti, a demisionat

Președintele Klaus Iohannis a promulgat legea care interzice pentru 10 ani exportul de buștean în spațiul extracomunitar

Acord fără precedent în istoria UE: După un maraton de negocieri, Angela Merkel, Mark Rutte, Klaus Iohannis și ceilalți lideri au aprobat planul și bugetul de 1,82 trilioane de euro pentru relansarea Europei

Zelenski va semna un acord cu Grecia pentru importul de gaze naturale, estimat la 2 mld. de euro, și se așteaptă la „un acord istoric” cu Franța pentru apărare aeriană

Șefa diplomației UE: Folosirea activelor rusești înghețate este cea mai clară soluție pentru finanțarea Ucrainei

Bolojan: Vom lucra îndeaproape cu guvernul de la Chișinău. Aderarea la UE, singura opțiune de a răspunde aspirațiilor de viitor și de a crește nivelul de trai în R. Moldova

INTERVIU | Siegfried Mureșan: UE a pierdut din competitivitate față de alte regiuni ale lumii. Creșterea competitivității trebuie să devină o prioritate pentru a menține un standard de viață ridicat

INTERVIU | Siegfried Mureșan, negociator-șef al PE, despre direcția negocierilor interinstituționale și mizele României în viitorul buget al UE (2028–2034): coeziunea și agricultura, pilonii de neclintit ai noului cadru financiar

EXCLUSIVE | NATO Secretary General: America is completely invested in NATO and Romania. The Eastern Sentry starts in the Black Sea because it’s of vital strategic importance to NATO

Noul Guvern al R. Moldova a depus jurământul de învestire. Președinta Maia Sandu: Trebuie să valorificăm „fereastra istorică de oportunitate oferită de integrarea europeană”

Inovația farmaceutică: motor de competitivitate – România în dialog cu Europa, pentru un acces mai bun al pacienților români la terapiile inovative

ARPIM facilitează dialogul cu Europa pentru a valorifica inovația în sănătate: Industria farmaceutică inovatoare – sector strategic pentru acces la tratamente moderne și dezvoltare economică durabilă

România, angajată să asigure o redresare economică sustenabilă. Bolojan: Ne-am propus să atingem anul acesta o țintă de deficit de 8,4%, iar în 2026 de 6%, pentru a ne recâștiga credibilitatea în fața piețelor și a Comisiei Europene
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